Curriculum

HTML Basic

HTML Introduction

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HTML Editors

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HTML Basic

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HTML Elements

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HTML Attributes

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HTML Headings

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HTML Paragraphs

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HTML Styles

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HTML Formatting

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HTML Quotation

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HTML Comments

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HTML Colors

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HTML CSS

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HTML Links

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HTML Images

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HTML Favicon

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HTML Page Title

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HTML Tables

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HTML Lists

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HTML Block and Inline

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HTML Div

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HTML classes

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HTML id

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HTML Iframes

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HTML Java Script

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HTML File Paths

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HTML - The Head Element

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HTML Layout

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HTML Responsive

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HTML Computer Code

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HTML Semantic

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HTML Style Guide

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HTML Entities

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HTML Symbols

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HTML Emojis

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HTML Charsets

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HTML Encoding (Character Sets)

10 mintues

HTML URL Encode

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HTML vs. XHTML

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HTML Forms

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HTML Graphics

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HTML Media

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HTML APIs

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Text lesson

HTML Encoding (Character Sets)

The HTML charset Attribute

The character set is defined within the <meta> tag.

Example

The HTML5 specification promotes the adoption of the UTF-8 character encoding.

UTF-8 encompasses nearly all characters and symbols found worldwide!

unicode_web

The ASCII Character Set

ASCII, the initial character encoding standard for the web, established a set of 128 distinct characters for internet usage:

Alphabets in English (A-Z)
Numerals (0-9)
Special characters such as ! $ + – ( ) @ < >.

The ANSI Character Set

The original Windows character set, ANSI (Windows-1252), comprised:

The first 127 characters, identical to ASCII.
Special characters ranging from 128 to 159.
Characters from 160 to 255, identical to UTF-8.

The ISO-8859-1 Character Set

ISO-8859-1 served as the default character set for HTML 4, offering support for 256 distinct character codes. HTML 4 also embraced UTF-8.

It mirrored ASCII for the initial 127 characters.
Characters from 128 to 159 were unused.
From 160 to 255, it aligned with ANSI and UTF-8.

HTML 4 Example

HTML 5 Example

The UTF-8 Character Set

It matches ASCII for values ranging from 0 to 127.
It excludes characters between 128 and 159.
It corresponds with ANSI and 8859-1 from 160 to 255.
It extends beyond to encompass characters from 256 to 10,000.

Differences Between Character Sets

The table below illustrates the distinctions among the aforementioned character sets:

Numb	ASCII	ANSI	8859	UTF‑8	Description
32					space
33	!	!	!	!	exclamation mark
34	“	“	“	“	quotation mark
35	#	#	#	#	number sign
36	$	$	$	$	dollar sign
37	%	%	%	%	percent sign
38	&	&	&	&	ampersand
39	‘	‘	‘	‘	apostrophe
40	(	(	(	(	left parenthesis
41	)	)	)	)	right parenthesis
42	*	*	*	*	asterisk
43	+	+	+	+	plus sign
44	,	,	,	,	comma
45	–	–	–	–	hyphen-minus
46	.	.	.	.	full stop
47	/	/	/	/	solidus
48	0	0	0	0	digit zero
49	1	1	1	1	digit one
50	2	2	2	2	digit two
51	3	3	3	3	digit three
52	4	4	4	4	digit four
53	5	5	5	5	digit five
54	6	6	6	6	digit six
55	7	7	7	7	digit seven
56	8	8	8	8	digit eight
57	9	9	9	9	digit nine
58	:	:	:	:	colon
59	;	;	;	;	semicolon
60	<	<	<	<	less than
61	=	=	=	=	equals sign
62	>	>	>	>	greater than
63	?	?	?	?	question mark
64	@	@	@	@	commercial at
65	A	A	A	A	Latin A
66	B	B	B	B	Latin B
67	C	C	C	C	Latin C
68	D	D	D	D	Latin D
69	E	E	E	E	Latin E
70	F	F	F	F	Latin F
71	G	G	G	G	Latin G
72	H	H	H	H	Latin H
73	I	I	I	I	Latin I
74	J	J	J	J	Latin J
75	K	K	K	K	Latin K
76	L	L	L	L	Latin L
77	M	M	M	M	Latin M
78	N	N	N	N	Latin N
79	O	O	O	O	Latin O
80	P	P	P	P	Latin P
81	Q	Q	Q	Q	Latin Q
82	R	R	R	R	Latin R
83	S	S	S	S	Latin S
84	T	T	T	T	Latin T
85	U	U	U	U	Latin U
86	V	V	V	V	Latin V
87	W	W	W	W	Latin W
88	X	X	X	X	Latin X
89	Y	Y	Y	Y	Latin Y
90	Z	Z	Z	Z	Latin Z
91	[	[	[	[	left square bracket
92	\	\	\	\	reverse solidus
93	]	]	]	]	right square bracket
94	^	^	^	^	circumflex accent
95	_	_	_	_	low line
96	`	`	`	`	grave accent
97	a	a	a	a	Latin small a
98	b	b	b	b	Latin small b
99	c	c	c	c	Latin small c
100	d	d	d	d	Latin small d
101	e	e	e	e	Latin small e
102	f	f	f	f	Latin small f
103	g	g	g	g	Latin small g
104	h	h	h	h	Latin small h
105	i	i	i	i	Latin small i
106	j	j	j	j	Latin small j
107	k	k	k	k	Latin small k
108	l	l	l	l	Latin small l
109	m	m	m	m	Latin small m
110	n	n	n	n	Latin small n
111	o	o	o	o	Latin small o
112	p	p	p	p	Latin small p
113	q	q	q	q	Latin small q
114	r	r	r	r	Latin small r
115	s	s	s	s	Latin small s
116	t	t	t	t	Latin small t
117	u	u	u	u	Latin small u
118	v	v	v	v	Latin small v
119	w	w	w	w	Latin small w
120	x	x	x	x	Latin small x
121	y	y	y	y	Latin small y
122	z	z	z	z	Latin small z
123	{	{	{	{	left curly bracket
124	\|	\|	\|	\|	vertical line
125	}	}	}	}	right curly bracket
126	~	~	~	~	tilde
127	DEL
128		€			euro sign
129					NOT USED
130		‚			single low-9 quotation mark
131		ƒ			Latin small f with hook
132		„			double low-9 quotation mark
133		…			horizontal ellipsis
134		†			dagger
135		‡			double dagger
136		ˆ			modifier letter circumflex accent
137		‰			per mille sign
138		Š			Latin S with caron
139		‹			single left-pointing angle quotation mark
140		Œ			Latin capital ligature OE
141					NOT USED
142		Ž			Latin Z with caron
143					NOT USED
144					NOT USED
145		‘			left single quotation mark
146		’			right single quotation mark
147		“			left double quotation mark
148		”			right double quotation mark
149		•			bullet
150		–			en dash
151		—			em dash
152		˜			small tilde
153		™			trade mark sign
154		š			Latin small s with caron
155		›			single right-pointing angle quotation mark
156		œ			Latin small ligature oe
157					NOT USED
158		ž			Latin small z with caron
159		Ÿ			Latin Y with diaeresis
160					no-break space
161		¡	¡	¡	inverted exclamation mark
162		¢	¢	¢	cent sign
163		£	£	£	pound sign
164		¤	¤	¤	currency sign
165		¥	¥	¥	yen sign
166		¦	¦	¦	broken bar
167		§	§	§	section sign
168		¨	¨	¨	diaeresis
169		©	©	©	copyright sign
170		ª	ª	ª	feminine ordinal indicator
171		«	«	«	left-pointing double angle quotation mark
172		¬	¬	¬	not sign
173					soft hyphen
174		®	®	®	registered sign
175		¯	¯	¯	macron
176		°	°	°	degree sign
177		±	±	±	plus-minus sign
178		²	²	²	superscript two
179		³	³	³	superscript three
180		´	´	´	acute accent
181		µ	µ	µ	micro sign
182		¶	¶	¶	pilcrow sign
183		·	·	·	middle dot
184		¸	¸	¸	cedilla
185		¹	¹	¹	superscript one
186		º	º	º	masculine ordinal indicator
187		»	»	»	right-pointing double angle quotation mark
188		¼	¼	¼	vulgar fraction one quarter
189		½	½	½	vulgar fraction one half
190		¾	¾	¾	vulgar fraction three quarters
191		¿	¿	¿	inverted question mark
192		À	À	À	Latin A with grave
193		Á	Á	Á	Latin A with acute
194		Â	Â	Â	Latin A with circumflex
195		Ã	Ã	Ã	Latin A with tilde
196		Ä	Ä	Ä	Latin A with diaeresis
197		Å	Å	Å	Latin A with ring above
198		Æ	Æ	Æ	Latin AE
199		Ç	Ç	Ç	Latin C with cedilla
200		È	È	È	Latin E with grave
201		É	É	É	Latin E with acute
202		Ê	Ê	Ê	Latin E with circumflex
203		Ë	Ë	Ë	Latin E with diaeresis
204		Ì	Ì	Ì	Latin I with grave
205		Í	Í	Í	Latin I with acute
206		Î	Î	Î	Latin I with circumflex
207		Ï	Ï	Ï	Latin I with diaeresis
208		Ð	Ð	Ð	Latin Eth
209		Ñ	Ñ	Ñ	Latin N with tilde
210		Ò	Ò	Ò	Latin O with grave
211		Ó	Ó	Ó	Latin O with acute
212		Ô	Ô	Ô	Latin O with circumflex
213		Õ	Õ	Õ	Latin O with tilde
214		Ö	Ö	Ö	Latin O with diaeresis
215		×	×	×	multiplication sign
216		Ø	Ø	Ø	Latin O with stroke
217		Ù	Ù	Ù	Latin U with grave
218		Ú	Ú	Ú	Latin U with acute
219		Û	Û	Û	Latin U with circumflex
220		Ü	Ü	Ü	Latin U with diaeresis
221		Ý	Ý	Ý	Latin Y with acute
222		Þ	Þ	Þ	Latin Thorn
223		ß	ß	ß	Latin small sharp s
224		à	à	à	Latin small a with grave
225		á	á	á	Latin small a with acute
226		â	â	â	Latin small a with circumflex
227		ã	ã	ã	Latin small a with tilde
228		ä	ä	ä	Latin small a with diaeresis
229		å	å	å	Latin small a with ring above
230		æ	æ	æ	Latin small ae
231		ç	ç	ç	Latin small c with cedilla
232		è	è	è	Latin small e with grave
233		é	é	é	Latin small e with acute
234		ê	ê	ê	Latin small e with circumflex
235		ë	ë	ë	Latin small e with diaeresis
236		ì	ì	ì	Latin small i with grave
237		í	í	í	Latin small i with acute
238		î	î	î	Latin small i with circumflex
239		ï	ï	ï	Latin small i with diaeresis
240		ð	ð	ð	Latin small eth
241		ñ	ñ	ñ	Latin small n with tilde
242		ò	ò	ò	Latin small o with grave
243		ó	ó	ó	Latin small o with acute
244		ô	ô	ô	Latin small o with circumflex
245		õ	õ	õ	Latin small o with tilde
246		ö	ö	ö	Latin small o with diaeresis
247		÷	÷	÷	division sign
248		ø	ø	ø	Latin small o with stroke
249		ù	ù	ù	Latin small u with grave
250		ú	ú	ú	Latin small u with acute
251		û	û	û	Latin small with circumflex
252		ü	ü	ü	Latin small u with diaeresis
253		ý	ý	ý	Latin small y with acute
254		þ	þ	þ	Latin small thorn
255		ÿ	ÿ	ÿ	Latin small y with diaeresis