Curriculum

HTML Basic

HTML Introduction

0/1

HTML Editors

0/1

HTML Basic

0/4

HTML Elements

0/4

HTML Attributes

0/1

HTML Headings

0/2

HTML Paragraphs

0/1

HTML Styles

0/2

HTML Formatting

0/1

HTML Quotation

0/3

HTML Comments

0/1

HTML Colors

0/11

HTML CSS

0/5

HTML Links

0/7

HTML Images

0/6

HTML Favicon

0/1

HTML Page Title

0/1

HTML Tables

0/11

HTML Lists

0/4

HTML Block and Inline

0/4

HTML Div

0/4

HTML classes

0/4

HTML id

0/4

HTML Iframes

0/1

HTML Java Script

0/1

HTML File Paths

0/1

HTML - The Head Element

0/4

HTML Layout

0/1

HTML Responsive

0/8

HTML Computer Code

0/1

HTML Semantic

0/7

HTML Style Guide

0/10

HTML Entities

0/4

HTML Symbols

0/1

HTML Emojis

0/4

HTML Charsets

0/1

HTML Encoding (Character Sets)

10 mintues

HTML URL Encode

0/3

HTML vs. XHTML

0/1

HTML Forms

0/35

HTML Graphics

0/5

HTML Media

0/15

HTML APIs

0/9

Text lesson

HTML Encoding (Character Sets)

The HTML charset Attribute

The character set is defined within the <meta> tag.

Example

The HTML5 specification promotes the adoption of the UTF-8 character encoding.

UTF-8 encompasses nearly all characters and symbols found worldwide!

unicode_web

The ASCII Character Set

ASCII, the initial character encoding standard for the web, established a set of 128 distinct characters for internet usage:

Alphabets in English (A-Z)
Numerals (0-9)
Special characters such as ! $ + – ( ) @ < >.

The ANSI Character Set

The original Windows character set, ANSI (Windows-1252), comprised:

The first 127 characters, identical to ASCII.
Special characters ranging from 128 to 159.
Characters from 160 to 255, identical to UTF-8.

The ISO-8859-1 Character Set

ISO-8859-1 served as the default character set for HTML 4, offering support for 256 distinct character codes. HTML 4 also embraced UTF-8.

It mirrored ASCII for the initial 127 characters.
Characters from 128 to 159 were unused.
From 160 to 255, it aligned with ANSI and UTF-8.

HTML 4 Example

HTML 5 Example

The UTF-8 Character Set

It matches ASCII for values ranging from 0 to 127.
It excludes characters between 128 and 159.
It corresponds with ANSI and 8859-1 from 160 to 255.
It extends beyond to encompass characters from 256 to 10,000.

Differences Between Character Sets

The table below illustrates the distinctions among the aforementioned character sets

Numb	ASCII	ANSI	8859	UTF‑8	Description
32					space
33	!	!	!	!	exclamation mark
34	“	“	“	“	quotation mark
35	#	#	#	#	number sign
36	$	$	$	$	dollar sign
37	%	%	%	%	percent sign
38	&	&	&	&	ampersand
39	‘	‘	‘	‘	apostrophe
40	(	(	(	(	left parenthesis
41	)	)	)	)	right parenthesis
42	*	*	*	*	asterisk
43	+	+	+	+	plus sign
44	,	,	,	,	comma
45	–	–	–	–	hyphen-minus
46	.	.	.	.	full stop
47	/	/	/	/	solidus
48	0	0	0	0	digit zero
49	1	1	1	1	digit one
50	2	2	2	2	digit two
51	3	3	3	3	digit three
52	4	4	4	4	digit four
53	5	5	5	5	digit five
54	6	6	6	6	digit six
55	7	7	7	7	digit seven
56	8	8	8	8	digit eight
57	9	9	9	9	digit nine
58	:	:	:	:	colon
59	;	;	;	;	semicolon
60	<	<	<	<	less than
61	=	=	=	=	equals sign
62	>	>	>	>	greater than
63	?	?	?	?	question mark
64	@	@	@	@	commercial at
65	A	A	A	A	Latin A
66	B	B	B	B	Latin B
67	C	C	C	C	Latin C
68	D	D	D	D	Latin D
69	E	E	E	E	Latin E
70	F	F	F	F	Latin F
71	G	G	G	G	Latin G
72	H	H	H	H	Latin H
73	I	I	I	I	Latin I
74	J	J	J	J	Latin J
75	K	K	K	K	Latin K
76	L	L	L	L	Latin L
77	M	M	M	M	Latin M
78	N	N	N	N	Latin N
79	O	O	O	O	Latin O
80	P	P	P	P	Latin P
81	Q	Q	Q	Q	Latin Q
82	R	R	R	R	Latin R
83	S	S	S	S	Latin S
84	T	T	T	T	Latin T
85	U	U	U	U	Latin U
86	V	V	V	V	Latin V
87	W	W	W	W	Latin W
88	X	X	X	X	Latin X
89	Y	Y	Y	Y	Latin Y
90	Z	Z	Z	Z	Latin Z
91	[	[	[	[	left square bracket
92	\	\	\	\	reverse solidus
93	]	]	]	]	right square bracket
94	^	^	^	^	circumflex accent
95	_	_	_	_	low line
96	`	`	`	`	grave accent
97	a	a	a	a	Latin small a
98	b	b	b	b	Latin small b
99	c	c	c	c	Latin small c
100	d	d	d	d	Latin small d
101	e	e	e	e	Latin small e
102	f	f	f	f	Latin small f
103	g	g	g	g	Latin small g
104	h	h	h	h	Latin small h
105	i	i	i	i	Latin small i
106	j	j	j	j	Latin small j
107	k	k	k	k	Latin small k
108	l	l	l	l	Latin small l
109	m	m	m	m	Latin small m
110	n	n	n	n	Latin small n
111	o	o	o	o	Latin small o
112	p	p	p	p	Latin small p
113	q	q	q	q	Latin small q
114	r	r	r	r	Latin small r
115	s	s	s	s	Latin small s
116	t	t	t	t	Latin small t
117	u	u	u	u	Latin small u
118	v	v	v	v	Latin small v
119	w	w	w	w	Latin small w
120	x	x	x	x	Latin small x
121	y	y	y	y	Latin small y
122	z	z	z	z	Latin small z
123	{	{	{	{	left curly bracket
124	\|	\|	\|	\|	vertical line
125	}	}	}	}	right curly bracket
126	~	~	~	~	tilde
127	DEL
128		€			euro sign
129					NOT USED
130		‚			single low-9 quotation mark
131		ƒ			Latin small f with hook
132		„			double low-9 quotation mark
133		…			horizontal ellipsis
134		†			dagger
135		‡			double dagger
136		ˆ			modifier letter circumflex accent
137		‰			per mille sign
138		Š			Latin S with caron
139		‹			single left-pointing angle quotation mark
140		Œ			Latin capital ligature OE
141					NOT USED
142		Ž			Latin Z with caron
143					NOT USED
144					NOT USED
145		‘			left single quotation mark
146		’			right single quotation mark
147		“			left double quotation mark
148		”			right double quotation mark
149		•			bullet
150		–			en dash
151		—			em dash
152		˜			small tilde
153		™			trade mark sign
154		š			Latin small s with caron
155		›			single right-pointing angle quotation mark
156		œ			Latin small ligature oe
157					NOT USED
158		ž			Latin small z with caron
159		Ÿ			Latin Y with diaeresis
160					no-break space
161		¡	¡	¡	inverted exclamation mark
162		¢	¢	¢	cent sign
163		£	£	£	pound sign
164		¤	¤	¤	currency sign
165		¥	¥	¥	yen sign
166		¦	¦	¦	broken bar
167		§	§	§	section sign
168		¨	¨	¨	diaeresis
169		©	©	©	copyright sign
170		ª	ª	ª	feminine ordinal indicator
171		«	«	«	left-pointing double angle quotation mark
172		¬	¬	¬	not sign
173					soft hyphen
174		®	®	®	registered sign
175		¯	¯	¯	macron
176		°	°	°	degree sign
177		±	±	±	plus-minus sign
178		²	²	²	superscript two
179		³	³	³	superscript three
180		´	´	´	acute accent
181		µ	µ	µ	micro sign
182		¶	¶	¶	pilcrow sign
183		·	·	·	middle dot
184		¸	¸	¸	cedilla
185		¹	¹	¹	superscript one
186		º	º	º	masculine ordinal indicator
187		»	»	»	right-pointing double angle quotation mark
188		¼	¼	¼	vulgar fraction one quarter
189		½	½	½	vulgar fraction one half
190		¾	¾	¾	vulgar fraction three quarters
191		¿	¿	¿	inverted question mark
192		À	À	À	Latin A with grave
193		Á	Á	Á	Latin A with acute
194		Â	Â	Â	Latin A with circumflex
195		Ã	Ã	Ã	Latin A with tilde
196		Ä	Ä	Ä	Latin A with diaeresis
197		Å	Å	Å	Latin A with ring above
198		Æ	Æ	Æ	Latin AE
199		Ç	Ç	Ç	Latin C with cedilla
200		È	È	È	Latin E with grave
201		É	É	É	Latin E with acute
202		Ê	Ê	Ê	Latin E with circumflex
203		Ë	Ë	Ë	Latin E with diaeresis
204		Ì	Ì	Ì	Latin I with grave
205		Í	Í	Í	Latin I with acute
206		Î	Î	Î	Latin I with circumflex
207		Ï	Ï	Ï	Latin I with diaeresis
208		Ð	Ð	Ð	Latin Eth
209		Ñ	Ñ	Ñ	Latin N with tilde
210		Ò	Ò	Ò	Latin O with grave
211		Ó	Ó	Ó	Latin O with acute
212		Ô	Ô	Ô	Latin O with circumflex
213		Õ	Õ	Õ	Latin O with tilde
214		Ö	Ö	Ö	Latin O with diaeresis
215		×	×	×	multiplication sign
216		Ø	Ø	Ø	Latin O with stroke
217		Ù	Ù	Ù	Latin U with grave
218		Ú	Ú	Ú	Latin U with acute
219		Û	Û	Û	Latin U with circumflex
220		Ü	Ü	Ü	Latin U with diaeresis
221		Ý	Ý	Ý	Latin Y with acute
222		Þ	Þ	Þ	Latin Thorn
223		ß	ß	ß	Latin small sharp s
224		à	à	à	Latin small a with grave
225		á	á	á	Latin small a with acute
226		â	â	â	Latin small a with circumflex
227		ã	ã	ã	Latin small a with tilde
228		ä	ä	ä	Latin small a with diaeresis
229		å	å	å	Latin small a with ring above
230		æ	æ	æ	Latin small ae
231		ç	ç	ç	Latin small c with cedilla
232		è	è	è	Latin small e with grave
233		é	é	é	Latin small e with acute
234		ê	ê	ê	Latin small e with circumflex
235		ë	ë	ë	Latin small e with diaeresis
236		ì	ì	ì	Latin small i with grave
237		í	í	í	Latin small i with acute
238		î	î	î	Latin small i with circumflex
239		ï	ï	ï	Latin small i with diaeresis
240		ð	ð	ð	Latin small eth
241		ñ	ñ	ñ	Latin small n with tilde
242		ò	ò	ò	Latin small o with grave
243		ó	ó	ó	Latin small o with acute
244		ô	ô	ô	Latin small o with circumflex
245		õ	õ	õ	Latin small o with tilde
246		ö	ö	ö	Latin small o with diaeresis
247		÷	÷	÷	division sign
248		ø	ø	ø	Latin small o with stroke
249		ù	ù	ù	Latin small u with grave
250		ú	ú	ú	Latin small u with acute
251		û	û	û	Latin small with circumflex
252		ü	ü	ü	Latin small u with diaeresis
253		ý	ý	ý	Latin small y with acute
254		þ	þ	þ	Latin small thorn
255		ÿ	ÿ	ÿ	Latin small y with diaeresis