To utilize these functions for string manipulation, including operations like copying, concatenating, comparing, and searching within strings, it’s necessary to include the <string.h> header file in your program.
| #include <string.h> |
As an illustration, to determine the length of a string, you can employ the strlen( ) function.
| char alphabet[] = “ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ”; printf(“%d”, strlen(alphabet)); |
In the Strings chapter, we employed sizeof to obtain the size of a string or array. It’s important to note that sizeof and strlen behave differently, as sizeof includes the null terminator (\0) character when counting, unlike strlen.
| char alphabet[] = “ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ”; printf(“%d”, strlen(alphabet)); // 26 printf(“%d”, sizeof(alphabet)); // 27 |
It’s crucial to understand that sizeof always returns the memory size in bytes, not the actual length of the string.
| char alphabet[50] = “ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ”; printf(“%d”, strlen(alphabet)); // 26 printf(“%d”, sizeof(alphabet)); // 50 |
To merge (combine) two strings, the strcat() function can be utilized.
| char str1[20] = “Hello “; char str2[] = “World!”; // Concatenate str2 to str1 (result is stored in str1) // Print str1 |
Ensure that the capacity of str1 is adequate to contain the combined result of the two strings (in our example, 20 characters). |
To transfer the value of one string to another, you can employ the strcpy( ) function.
| char str1[20] = “Hello World!”; char str2[20]; // Copy str1 to str2 // Print str2 |
Ensure that the capacity of str2 is sufficient to accommodate the copied string (in our example, 20 characters). |
You can employ the strcmp() function to compare two strings.
It yields 0 if the strings are identical; otherwise, it returns a non-zero value
| char str1[] = “Hello”; char str2[] = “Hello”; char str3[] = “Hi”; // Compare str1 and str2, and print the result |
