If

Conditions and If Statements

As you’ve already discovered, C accommodates the standard logical conditions found in mathematics:

• Less than: a < b
• Less than or equal to: a <= b
• Greater than: a > b
• Greater than or equal to: a >= b
• Equal to: a == b
• Not Equal to: a != b

These conditions can be employed to execute various actions based on different decisions.

C offers the following conditional statements:

• Employ if to designate a block of code for execution if a particular condition holds true.
• Utilize else to designate a block of code for execution if the same condition is false.
• Employ else if to specify a new condition to evaluate if the first condition is false.
• Utilize switch to designate multiple alternative blocks of code for execution.

The if Statement

Utilize the if statement to define a block of code for execution when a condition is true.

Syntax

In the following example, we evaluate two values to determine if 20 is greater than 18. If the condition is true, output some text:

Example

Variables can also be tested:

Example

Example explained

In the example provided, we utilize two variables, x and y, to evaluate whether x is greater than y (employing the > operator). Given that x is 20 and y is 18, and considering that 20 is indeed greater than 18, we display the message “x is greater than y” on the screen.