It suggests that the observations are caused by a specific factor, serving as an alternative to the Null Hypothesis.
Example:
For assessing a student, we would take:
When our hypothesis tests for only one side of the value, it is called a “one-tailed test.”
For example:
For the null hypothesis “the mean is equal to k,” the alternative hypothesis can be:
“The mean is less than k,” or
“The mean is greater than k.”